Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw > Events > Seminars > Atmospheric Physics Seminar

Atmospheric Physics Seminar

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room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

prof. dr hab. Wojciech Grabowski, prof. afiliowany UW (MMM Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, USA)

Modeling condensation in shallow nonprecipitating convection

Two schemes for modeling condensation in warm nonprecipitating clouds are compared. The first one is the efficient bulk condensation scheme where cloudy volumes are always at saturation and cloud water evaporates instantaneously to maintain saturation. The second one is the comprehensive bin condensation scheme that predicts evolution of the cloud droplet spectrum and allows sub- and supersaturations in cloudy volumes. The emphasis is on the impact of the two schemes on the cloud dynamics. The bulk condensation scheme provides more buoyancy than the bin scheme, but the effect is small, with the potential density temperature difference around 0.1 K for 1% supersaturation. The 1D advection-condensation tests document high-vertical-resolution requirement for the bin scheme to resolve the cloud-base supersaturation maximum and CCN activation, difficult to employ in 3D cloud simulations. Simulations of shallow convection cloud fields are executed applying bulk and bin schemes, with the mean droplet concentrations in the bin scheme covering a wide range, from about 5 to over 4,000 per cc. Simulations employ the microphysical piggybacking methodology to extract impacts with high confidence. They show that the differences in cloud fields simulated with bulk and bin schemes come not from small differences in the condensation, but from more significant differences in the evaporation of cloud water near cloud edges as a result of entrainment and mixing with the environment. The latter makes the impact of cloud microphysics on simulated macroscopic cloud field properties even more difficult to assess because of highly uncertain subgrid-scale parameterizations.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

mgr inż. Michał Korycki (Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska Politechniki Warszawskiej)

A numerical study of stably stratified atmospheric flow around a tall building of a complex shape

Wind tunnel experiments and numerical modelling constitute basic research tools in studying flows within urban structure. Numerical models are now used to address a broad range of practical issues, such as: predicting the influence of urban development on urban climate, diffusion of atmospheric pollution in cities, developing emergency response systems, building aeroelasticity.

We shall present the current status of developing the infrastucture of urban fluid dynamics and preliminary results obtained with its use. An automated process of constructing the representation of a detailed structure of buildings will be presented along with an example of application to a tall building of a complex shape, located in the city of Warsaw.

We shall also discuss results of a series of idealized numerical experiments reflecting the influence on static stability on the flow structure. The results gained so far exhibit flow structures identified in early wind tunnel studies, such as a recirculation zone in the lee side of a building and a horseshoe vortex in a horizontal plane near the surface. Numerical experiments show that the extent of the lee vortex and the location of the flow stagnation zone near the ground do not depend noticeably onstability. However, with growing stability a secondary horseshoe vortex arises aloft; to our knowledge, this feature has not yet been documented in the literature.Michał Korycki, Lech Łobocki, Andrzej Wyszogrodzki

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

MSc Anna Górska (PhD Student, Institute of Geophysic, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw)

Collisions of cloud droplets with a rain drop investigated by means of digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry

The collection process of droplets by drops is an important process in precipitation formation and aerosol scavenging by rain especially from the point of view of cloud and climate models. For the last few decades, measurements of collision parameters have been based on measuring the mass growth rate, assuming constant droplet parameters, relative velocities of drop and droplets and evaporation conditions, and then inferring the collection efficiency in the integral. Digital in-line holography allows us to measure the collection efficiency directly, i.e. to measure the collision events themselves and their surrounding conditions simultaneously. To show proof of concept, an experiment was carried out in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel in a laminar flow with droplets and drop sizes corresponding to that observed in clouds using digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry. In the presentation I will describe the above method, the details of the experiment, the flow characterization and show the first collision statistics.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

mgr Michal Chiliński (doktorant w IGF UW)

UAVs in retrieval of Singlel Scattering Albedo profiles – synergy of remote sensing and in-situ measurements

Absorbing aerosols vertical distribution is an important factor in radiative transfer processes, which influences energy budget. I would like to present how we could retrieve Single Scattering Albedo profiles from UAV measurements combined with ground data.

Thanks to miniaturization of sensors we were able to find small sensors like microaethalometer and microspectrometer, which could be mounted on small UAVs. Due to fact, that we are interested in aerosol, we arelimited to electric powered motors, which do not emit any combustion byproducts. Drawback of electric solution is shorter flight time, what limits height of acquired by us profiles to 1000 meters. We decided to use multi rotor platform with capability of vertical take off and landing, what makes flights easier to plan, operate and flight time is more optimal utilized than with fixed wing drone.

Our measurement setup incorporate microaethalometer, icrospectrometer (400-800 nm), temperature, humidity and pressure sensors. We plan flights on the sites where ground based measurement of absorption andscattering coefficient are carried and where atmospheric lidars are operated. Synergy of ground and UAV based measurements gives us information on aerosol optical properties profiles. In our approachthose profiles allows retrieval of SSA profile. Proposed method delivers data, which then could be validated with radiative transfer models and additional measurement from radiometers.

In our presentation we will present whole concept of our measurements,explain details of used technical solution and show most interesting cases measured during last field campaigns.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

dr Andrzej Kotarba (Centrum Badań Kosmicznych PAN, Zespół Obserwacji Ziemi)

Ocena zachmurzenia ogólnego na podstawie obserwacji MODIS

Ze względu na ujemne wymuszanie radiacyjne (netto, w skali globalnej) obecność chmur przyczynia się do ochładzania atmosfery. Z tego powodu kwestie chmur i zachmurzenia są jednymi z najważniejszych zagadnień w badaniu bilansu promieniowania Ziemi. Pierwszym etapem analizy zachmurzenia jest wykrycie obecności chmur w danym miejscu. Współcześnie klimatolodzy powierzają to zadania satelitom, gdyż jako jedyne są one zdolne zbierać jednorodne dane dla całej planety.

W czasie seminarium przedstawione zostaną założenia algorytmu detekcji chmur, stosowanego dla sensora MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), oraz jego następcy, instrumentu VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite). Omówione zostaną właściwości maski chmur MODIS, w szczególności zagadnienia dotyczące jej ilościowej interpretacji - podstawowego kroku pozwalającego szacować wielkość zachmurzenia ogólnego nad wybranym obszarem.

Zaprezentowane zostaną wyniki badań nad jakością/dokładnością maksi hmur MODIS z wykorzystaniem sensora ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer). Skrótowo scharakteryzowane zostanie zachmurzenie ogólne nad Polską, ocenione w oparciu o jedenaście lat obserwacji MODIS (2003-2013). Na tej podstawie wykazane zostaną błędy w detekcji chmur, wynikające ze specyfiki operacyjnie wykorzystywanych algorytmów.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

prof. Zbigniew Sorbjan (* Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, ** Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee)

Scaling systems and similarity functions in the stably stratified turbulent flows

During the talk the gradient-based similarity theory for stably stratified shear flows will be discussed. Gradient -based similarity scales will be classified into two categories, referred to as explicit and implicit. The explicit scaling employs the length scale as a specified function of height above the underlying surface. Within the implicit type, the mixing length is locally related to various moments of turbulence. The form of the gradient-based similarity functions, for the considered scaling systems, can be obtained by the renormalization of explicit-type expressions. Similarity functions of the Richardson number Ri for the dissipation-type scalingwill be derived and compared with the data obtained during the SHEBA experiment in the Arctic surface layer. Since the implicit approach is not directly dependent on height, thus it can be applied in the entire stableboundary layer, but also in free turbulent flows in the upper atmosphere, in lakes, and in oceans.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

mgr Lech Gawuć (doktorant na Wydziałe Inżynierii Środowiska PW)

Estimation of the mean intensity of Surface Urban Heat Island in the period of the last 14 years - a case study for Warsaw

Remote sensing measurements of land surface temperature (LST) are possible only during clear - sky conditions, what significantly reduces number of available observations of particular targets, especially for Polish cities. Since LST is influenced by synoptic conditions (wind speed) it is widely practiced to use composite datasets for long-term studies. Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI - Voogt & Oke, 2003) studies commonly adopt temporally composited remote sensing data, what directly increases the clear sky coverage across urban and rural regions. Specification of mean SUHI intensity is a critical step for long-term analyses which might be helpful for the development of mitigation strategies. However, most of SUHI studies did not consider the possible errors caused by composite processes (Hu et al., 2013).

Numerous researches in the field of urban climate prove that anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) it is one of the most important components of urban heat island (Sailor & Lu, 2004). AHF is connected with activity of cities' inhabitants, which spatial distribution can be indirectly described by, among others, population density and remotely-sensed night lights (Makar, 2006; Yang, 2014).

Analyses of the influence of different temporal aggregation techniques on the urban LST patterns in the city of Warsaw, will be presented. LST data will be obtained by means of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) observations. The study will be conducted for different seasons, for day and night cases. We will discuss impact of different temporal aggregation techniques on values of several SUHI indicators (reviewed by Schwarz et al., 2011), and relationship between LST, night lights (retrieved by DMSP OLI and NPP SUOMI VIIRS satellite instruments) and population density.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

dr Adam Jaczewski (Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy)

Prognozowanie aktywności burzowej dla obszaru Polski

W związku z ocieplaniem klimatu obserwujemy wzrost liczby i intensywności groźnych zjawisk, powodujących rosnące straty gospodarcze i społeczne. Burze są jednym z tego typu zjawisk, powodujących duże zniszczenia. W rozwoju tych zjawisk ważną rolę odgrywa zjawisko głębokiej konwekcji w atmosferze, opisywane tzw. parametrami stabilności. W prezentacji zostanie przedstawiona koncepcja i wstępne wyniki prognozowania burz w oparciu o system detekcji wyładowań, obserwacje synoptyczne oraz numeryczny model pogody COSMO. Predyktorami (zmiennymi objaśniającymi) będą wybrane wskaźniki stabilności atmosfery obliczone z wyników numerycznej prognozy pogody oraz inne parametry mające związek z rozwojem i aktywnością burzową. Prognoza burz zostanie przeprowadzona poprzez analizę statystyczną wyników numerycznej prognozy pogody.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

dr Joanna Uscka-Kowalkowska (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń)

Bezpośrednie promieniowanie słoneczne w Polsce i jego ekstynkcja w atmosferze

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

dr Augustin Mortier (Meteorological Norwegian Institute, Oslo)

Z przykrością informuję, że z przyczyn niezależnych od organizatorów jutrzejsze, 06.03.2015, seminarium dr Augustin Mortier jest ODWOŁNE

Beyond their impact on air quality affecting health, atmospheric aerosols are a key parameter of the climate. Large uncertainties remain (IPCC, 2013) due to their type versatility, radiative and clouds interactions and their strong variability in space and time. In light of this, a long-term observation is highly required.

In 2006, the LOA reinforced sunphotometer observations with two micro-lidars in two contrasted sites : Lille and Dakar. In this work, we analyse these complementary observations at multiple time scale in order to highlight trends and provide a variability estimation. These observations include detection of extreme events (volcanic ash from Eyjafjöll, 2010). The analysis of the unique and large database is based on the development of an automatic algorithm (BASIC) combining vertical profiles and sunphotometer measurements. This work is particularly relevant and of interest in the current and future context of observation systems (ORAURE, Météo France, TOPROF?).

Our results are used to provide a better determination of aerosols radiative effect. Our whole database has been used faced to vertical profiles from the CALIOP spaceborne lidar and for a first evaluation of the NMMB/BSC-Dust model in Africa during one year.

Finally, we present first results of a mobile ground-based remote sensing system, providing high space resolution capability to monitor aerosol properties, deployed during LAAC campaign (Italy, 2012).

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

Chiel van Heerwaarden (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg)

Towards a parametrization for surface heterogeneity

We have studied the heterogeneously heated Convective Boundary Layer (CBL) with the aim to create a parameterization for land-surface heterogeneity. This sytem has been investigated by means of dimensional analysis and results from Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). We present results from two different experiments: a CBL that is heated from patches with a fixed surface heat flux, and a CBL that is heated from stripes with a fixed surface temperature. The first experiment represents for instance an urban heat island, whereas the second is applicable to flow over arctic leads.
For the first experiment, we show that each simulation contains first the formation of a peak in kinetic energy, corresponding to the “optimal” heterogeneity size with strong secondary circulations, and subsequently the transition into a horizontally homogeneous CBL. We have developed scaling laws that show that the optimal state and transition do not occur at a fixed ratio of the heterogeneity size to the CBL thickness, but instead occur at a higher ratio for simulations with increasing heterogeneity sizes.
For the second experiment, we show that imposing a fixed surface temperature directs the system towards a steady state where the release of heat from the warm stripes equals the amount of heat taken up from the cold stripes. In this development, the system travels back and forth between different states and exhibits oscillations in the kinetic energy.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

dr hab. Krzysztof Markowicz (IGF UW)

Wyznaczanie długookresowych zmian grubości optycznej aerozolu na Kasprowym Wierchu

Tematem seminarium będzie problem wyznaczania grubości optycznej aerozolu na podstawie szerokopasmowych obserwacji bezpośredniego strumienia promieniowania słonecznego docierającego do powierzch ziemi. Przedstawiona zostanie metodologia badawcza, która pozwala wyznaczyć scałkowaną grubość optyczną aerozolu w zakresie 0.29-2.9 mikrometra w oparciu o pomiary wykonane aktynometrem Linke-Feussnera i dane radiosondażowe. Zaprezentowane zostaną rezultaty dla pomiarów wykonanych w latach 1964-2003 w Wysokogórskim Obserwatorium Meteorologicznym na Kasprowym Wierchu. Wynika z nich, że ostatnich latach nastąpiła znacząca redukcja grubości optycznej aerozoli związana ze zjawiskiem globalnego pojaśnienia (global _brightening_). Ponadto, zmienność grubości optycznej w tym okresie jest powiązana z aktywnością erupcji wulkanicznych do stratosfery.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

mgr Katarzyna Karpińska, prof. dr hab. Szymon Malinowski (IGF UW)

Towards better understanding of preferential concentration in clouds

Recent studies attribute evolution of droplet size distribution in warm convective clouds to enhancement of collision-coalescence by turbulence. This seminar has an aim to present studies of preferential concentration, which may lead to enhanced collisions. The main part of a presentation demonstrate droplet motion in vortex tubes - small coherent structures characteristic for high Reynolds number turbulent flows. Former research of such effects was limited to horizontally oriented vortex tubes only. Herein we analysed tubes approximated by point vortices of axes parallel or oblique to the direction of gravity. Both analytical and numerical solutions of Stokes equation used in our study as a droplet equation of motion allowed to identify features such as stationary points, stationary orbits and limit cycles, which may influence preferential concentration. A short overview of the experiment conducted this autumn in so called „Barrel of Ilmenau” at TU Ilmenau in Germany, aimed at verification of preferential concentration of droplets in homogeneous turbulence will be given in the last part of the talk.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

prof. dr hab. Wojciech Grabowski, profesor afiliowany UW (Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research)

Towards high-resolution simulation of moist global flows

High-resolution simulation of moist global flows for numerical weather prediction and climate research requires convection-permitting nonhydrostatic flow solvers valid across the entire range of spatialscales, from small-scale dynamics to planetary-scale flows. Flowsolvers based on compressible dynamics meet such a requirement, butthey need special treatments of acoustic modes to make themcomputationally efficient. Soundproof (e.g., anelastic) flow solversfilter out acoustic modes, but their application to the large-scaledynamics has been questioned in the past. In addition, mesoscaleand large-scale hydrostatic pressure perturbations are typicallyexcluded from moist thermodynamics in the standard anelastic model.This presentation will review these issues and will report applicationof the compressible and anelastic versions of the EULAG model tothe idealized baroclinic instability problem and to the Held-Suarezclimate benchmark. Systematic differences between compressible andanelastic solutions are present in the baroclinic test case inagreement with fundamental differences in the vorticity dynamicsin the two systems. In contrast, the climate benchmark shows thatthe compressible and anelastic model versions simulate similarzonally averaged fields, and that the meridional transports ofentropy, momentum and moisture agree well between the two modelversions.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

dr Iwona Stachlewska (IGF UW)

European High Spectral Resolution Lidar airborne facility - the new ESA contract at IGFUW

There are a number of cross-cutting issues relevant for all ESA atmospheric missions (e.g. ADM/Aeolus, EarthCARE and Sentinel-3/-4/-5/-5p) which can only be addressed through suitable airborne measurements. This holds also for future EO mission concepts such as the EE8 mission candidates CarbonSat and FLEX which include products related to atmospheric aerosols.

To be effective and accurate, these products rely on independent airborne measurements to develop and test the retrieval methods, and validate mission products following launch.

The aim of MULTIPLY project is to develop a novel multi-wavelength HSRL system (3beta + 2alpha + 3sigma) for airborne operation, capable of retrieving the aerosol extinction, backscatter and depolarization profile distributions. It will operate at three wavelengths and collect independently the Mie and Rayleigh signals at 532nm and 355nm, and total (Mie + Rayleigh) signal at 1064 nm, in both parallel and cross polarization.

The activities are carried out by the prime-contractor, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics (INOE), and five contractors: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), National Observatory of Athens (IAASARS/NOA), University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics (UW), National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR), and National Institute for Aerospace Research “Elie Carafoli” (INCAS).

room 0.48, Pasteura 5 at 13:15

dr Montserrat Costa Surós (IGF UW)

Geometric characteristics of clouds from ceilometer measurements and radiosounding methods

Improving methods for automatic and continuous description of cloud has a huge importance in order to determine the role of clouds in climate and their contribution to climate change. The geometric characteristics of clouds, such as the cloud cover and the cloud vertical structure (CVS), including the cloud base height (CBH) which is linked to cloud type, are very important for describing the impact clouds have on the atmosphere.

It will be presented a complete study of the cloud cover and the CBH above Girona (Spain) measured with a ceilometer, during the period 2007-2010. In addition, a comparison of the CVS obtained from methods based on radiosonde profiles with estimations produced by ground-based active instruments (that is, the Active Remote Sensing of Clouds –ARSCL) over Southern Great Plains (USA) will also be presented in order to find the better approximation to the real vertical structure and reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the methods. This study considers more methods than the existent publications at the moment, and it compares retrievals against a reliable reference (ARSCL) with precision and for an accurately selected set of cases.

room 0.48, Pasteura 5 at 13:15

mgr Marta Kopeć (doktorantka w IGF UW)

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of marine stratocumulus analysed with usage of virtual aircraft method

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

dr Daniel Partridge (University of Stockholm)

On the importance of the condensation sink of pre-existing droplets for aerosol-cloud interactions

The activation of aerosols to form cloud droplets is fundamentally dependent on the ambient supersaturation, which is controlled by a balance between adiabatic cooling due to the vertical velocity of the rising air and the condensational sink of the activated droplet spectrum. Current droplet activation parameterisations used in many global circulation models (GCMs) are usually based upon some form of adiabatic parcel model theory. However, not all air parcels are initiated in clear sky conditions as this theory assumes, and therefore, as current activation parameterisations neglect the condensational sink on the existing cloud droplet spectrum they are likely to overestimate the maximum supersaturation, i.e. the number of activated aerosols.
We demonstrate the importance of this effect through offline simulations with an adiabatic parcel model, accounting for the condensation sink of a pre-existing droplet population during the calculation of the maximum supersaturation reached in the air parcel. For a range of environmental conditions the inclusion of this additional sink term significantly reduces the number of additional activated droplets after the first nucleation.
Based on the large impact observed from the offline simulations we have added this additional condensational sink term to the droplet activation parameterisation scheme used within a GCM, ECHAM6.1-HAM2.2, in order to assess changes in the global cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) and radiative effects. Significant reductions in the annual mean CDNC are observed, especially over regions experiencing high aerosol concentrations, indicating a possible large reduction in the indirect radiative aerosol forcing. Further simulations will be performed to obtain estimates of the change in radiative flux perturbation (RFP) due to total anthropogenic aerosol effects that can be attributed to this process.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

prof. dr hab Wojciech Grabowski, profesor afiliowany przy UW (National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA)

Untangling microphysical impacts on moist convection applying a novel modeling methodology

Formation and growth of cloud and precipitation particles (“cloud microphysics”) affect such macroscopic cloud field properties as the mean surface rainfall, cloud cover, and liquid/ice water paths. Indirect aerosol effects (e.g., through different CCN concentrations) are examples of the impact on shallow convection. For deep convection, hypothesized convective invigoration in polluted environments (because of additional latent heating due to freezing of the liquid water advected above the freezing level) is another example. In-situ and remote–sensing observations cannot provide sufficiently accurate estimates of such effects and are not capable in distinguishing between correlation and causality. Numerical modeling is then the only reliable approach to study the impacts. However, traditional approaches that rely on parallel simulations (i.e., contrasting cloud fields developing in different CCN or IN environments) are not reliable because of natural variability of a cloud field that is affected by the feedback between cloud microphysics and dynamics. We propose a novel modeling approach to assess the impact of cloud microphysics on macroscopic cloud field characteristics. The main idea is to use two microphysical schemes or the same scheme with different parameters, with one scheme coupled to the dynamics and driving the simulation, and the other scheme applied as in the kinematic model, that is, responding to the simulated flow but not affecting it. We will discuss application of this methodology to cloud field simulations of shallow and deep convection and show that the methodology allows assessing the impact of cloud microphysics on cloud field macroscopic properties with unprecedented accuracy.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

dr Jesper G. Pedersen (adiunkt naukowy w IGF UW)

Large-eddy simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer for wind energy applications

The largest wind turbines today often reach heights where traditional models of the wind speed and how it varies with height no longer can be expected to apply. For accurate assessment of wind energy resources and loads on wind turbines, there is a need for better understanding of the flow of air above the atmospheric surface layer. In this study the method of large-eddy simulation is applied to gain improved insight on the influence of unsteady forcing, baroclinicity, inversion strength and stability on the boundary layer wind profile.

room 17, Pasteura 7 at 13:15

mgr Jacek Kopeć (IGF UW)

Nowe źródło pomiarów turbulencji bezchmurnego nieba (grant PRELUDIUM w IGF)

A new source of clear-air turbulence measurements (a new NCN founded project in IGF UW)

W czasie prezentacji planuje przedstawić zakres planowanych prac w ramach przyznanego w tym roku grantu PELUDIUM. Projekt poświęcony jest pozyskaniu informacji o turbulencji w oparciu o dane Mode-S i ADS-B. W czasie mojego wystąpienia opowiem czym są dane Mode-S i ADS-B, jaką metodę zamierzam stosować przy pozyskaniu danych i jakich wyników się spodziewam. Planuję pokazać również pierwsze wyniki uzyskane w oparciu o dane z kampanii pomiarowej DELICAT.