Terms in the EDF we construct here are required to be quadratic in
densities, invariant with respect to time reversal
(Sec. A.1), and covariant with respect to space inversion and
rotations (Sec. A.2). All terms up to the NLO order in
derivatives fulfilling these restrictions are constructed below.
Using notation of Eq. (24), a general term in the energy density can be written in the following form,
Had we considered the case of coupling constants depending on density, all terms in Eq. (28) would have been independent of one another (up to a possible exchange of the two densities). Table 5 lists numbers of such independent terms, and they are also plotted in Fig. 1.
order | T-even | T-odd | Total | Galilean | Gauge |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
2 | 8 | 10 | 18 | 12 | 12 |
4 | 53 | 61 | 114 | 45 | 29 |
6 | 250 | 274 | 524 | 129 | 54 |
N![]() |
312 | 346 | 658 | 188 | 97 |
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In the present study, we concentrate on the case of
density-independent coupling constants, in which case one can perform
integrations by parts, so that the derivative operators are
transferred from one density to the other. That this can always be
done is obvious by the fact that the coupled derivative operators
can always be expressed as sums of products of uncoupled
derivatives
or
. As a result of the
integration by parts, the integral (28) can now be written
as a sum of terms, where each term has the form:
Based on the results obtained in Secs. A.1 and
A.2, and on Eqs. (25) and (26),
we see that time-reversal invariance and space-inversion
covariance require that
In Appendix B, we presented terms in the EDF up to NLO, i.e., for zero and second orders, see Table 22. The EDF at NLO is exactly equivalent to the standard Skyrme functional [28,29], generalized to include all time-odd terms [25,30,24]. In both representations the functional depends, in general, on 14 coupling constants, and both sets are related by simple expressions given in Eqs. (93)-(106).
In Tables 7-18, we list all 45 and 129
terms in the EDF that are of fourth and sixth order, respectively.
Together with 14 terms at NLO, listed in Table 22, this
constitutes the full list of 188 terms in the EDF at NLO.
No. |
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1 | ![]() |
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2 | ![]() |
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3 | ![]() |
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4 | ![]() |
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5 | ![]() |
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6 | ![]() |
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No. |
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7 | ![]() |
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8 | ![]() |
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9 | ![]() |
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10 | ![]() |
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11 | ![]() |
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12 | ![]() |
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13 | ![]() |
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14 | ![]() |
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15 | ![]() |
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16 | ![]() |
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17 | ![]() |
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No. |
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18 | ![]() |
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19 | ![]() |
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20 | ![]() |
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21 | ![]() |
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22 | ![]() |
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23 |
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24 |
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25 |
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No. |
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26 |
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27 |
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28 |
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29 |
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30 |
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31 |
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32 |
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33 |
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34 |
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35 |
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36 |
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37 |
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38 |
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39 |
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40 |
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41 |
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42 |
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43 |
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44 |
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45 |
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2 | ![]() |
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3 | ![]() |
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4 | ![]() |
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5 | ![]() |
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6 | ![]() |
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7 | ![]() |
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8 | ![]() |
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9 | ![]() |
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10 | ![]() |
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11 | ![]() |
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12 | ![]() |
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No. |
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13 | ![]() |
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14 | ![]() |
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15 | ![]() |
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16 | ![]() |
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17 | ![]() |
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18 | ![]() |
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19 | ![]() |
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20 | ![]() |
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21 | ![]() |
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22 | ![]() |
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23 | ![]() |
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24 | ![]() |
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25 | ![]() |
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26 | ![]() |
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27 | ![]() |
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No. |
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|
48 | ![]() |
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49 | ![]() |
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50 | ![]() |
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51 | ![]() |
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52 | ![]() |
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53 | ![]() |
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54 | ![]() |
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55 | ![]() |
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56 | ![]() |
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57 | ![]() |
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58 | ![]() |
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59 | ![]() |
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60 | ![]() |
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61 | ![]() |
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62 | ![]() |
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63 | ![]() |
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64 | ![]() |
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No. |
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65 |
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66 |
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67 |
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68 |
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69 |
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70 |
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71 |
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72 |
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73 |
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74 |
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75 |
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76 |
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77 |
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78 |
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79 |
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80 |
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81 |
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82 |
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83 |
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84 |
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85 |
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86 |
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87 |
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88 |
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89 |
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90 |
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No. |
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113 |
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114 |
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115 |
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116 |
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117 |
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118 |
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119 |
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120 |
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121 |
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122 |
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123 |
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124 |
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125 |
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126 |
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127 |
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128 |
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129 |
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order | from ![]() |
from ![]() |
T-even | T-odd | total |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
3 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 |
4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
total | 10 | 25 | 19 | 16 | 35 |
After the complete list of terms in the EDF at NLO is
constructed, one can check that not all of the local densities listed
in Tables 3 and 4 appear in the final EDF at
N
LO. This is so, because it is not possible to couple all these
densities to scalars, and simultaneously fulfill conditions
(32) and (33), without obtaining more than total
sixth order in derivatives. It turns out that out of the 56 local
densities at N
LO, which are listed in Tables 3 and
4, only 35 occur in the final EDF at N
LO. In
Tables 3 and 4 such densities are marked with
stars (
). Table 19 gives their numbers determined
separately at each order.