Results

In this section, we present the results obtained and we look for signatures of shell effects in the systematics of many-body observables. This is in addition to analyzing the eigenvalues of mean-field Hamiltonians as a function of deformation, that is, the Nilsson diagrams, which are not observables, but provide a useful illustration of the underlying single-particle structure.

We note here that the calculation of many-body observables implies a full self-consistency reached for every individual state, that is, for ground and excited states. For example, quasiparticle spectra, which we discuss below, always result from calculating differences of total energies, determined separately for different many-body self-consistent solutions. Because of that, each blocked HFB state may have a slightly different quadrupole, hexadecapole, or higher deformation (see, for example, the results of statistical analysis in Ref. [13]), which then feeds back to the mean and pairing fields. In this way, the deformation-polarization effects, exerted by one-quasiparticle states, are fully taken into account.

In odd-mass nuclei, quasiparticle excitations were obtained by blocking the relevant levels when performing the HFB calculations. The spectra were obtained by comparing the total energies of different configurations. The procedure closely followed that of Refs. [8,37].